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**//__New Kingdom: Sumit, Taylor and Abby__//** EULOGY-SCRIPT BY SUMIT SUMIT: we r gathered here today to remember our favorite pharaoh Putankhaneeze. Taylor:(sobbing) oh he was such a nice man we will now honor him with a temple with carved figures in the side. What a wonderful way to honor him! SUMIT: yes now let me regain some order and I can continue with my- ABBY: ah yes pharaoh putankhameeeze loved order especially our social standings, as everyone knows at the top are pharaohs, ruler. Then came nobles, monarchs, and viziers they kept the kingdom running smoothly (another thing putankhameeze liked). Monarchs were like tax collectors Taylor-next came the priests. Later in the new kingdom, a ruler named was Amenhotep IV (who was nothing like our pharaoh)- This ruler changed to be one god that everyone must worship this god was Aton. No one really liked this ruler, so for the most part they didn't honor this god. Later, he changed his name to Ankhenaten, which means, "The Spirit of Aton." This king was hated among all in Egypt. ABBY- then came the scribes and well-trained respected workers like doctors and engineers who invented mathematics, astronomy, and they didn't even mind making pyramids then came craftsman, merchants and farmers. SUMIT- Ok that is enough. We are done talking about the social structure, so let us- ABBY-talk about the economic structure.(remember, you're all still supposed to be sad) Taylor- Thutmose was another pharaoh whose stepmother expanded trade. She traded ivory/leopard skin and great riches with trading expeditions like to Punt. ABBY- In the new kingdom Egypt did a lot of trade with western Asia. The cheapest and fastest way of transporting merchandise was by ship. The harsh winds decided when departure and return journeys took place. The New Kingdom is also known as "Egypt's Golden Age" because of the prosperity as it was the center of international trade. The % of manufactured goods was really small. It was of greatly importance to the survival of the lone producer but provided part of the economic base for the developing Egyptian high culture. Taylor- they also based on past assignments, assessed the expected crops, collected part of the produce as taxes, stored and redistributed it. The agriculture was a big part of Egypt’s wealth including Grain, vegetables, fruit, cattle, goats, pigs and fowl were grown, and fish from the Nile were caught. Egypt began a period of prosperity in the 18th dynasty SUMIT- the next one to speak a word will be executed with our great weapons and soldiers. Taylor-, which were brought mostly from the period of Thutmose's rule. Many events occurred in our New Kingdom of Egypt. Hyksos invaded Egypt and it was hard to drive them out, but in the 18TH DYNASTY ABBY Thutmose I begins military campaigns. Building of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III. The rule of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)changed from polytheism to a monotheistic society Reign of Putankhaneeze. Ramses II begins building projects - including his mortuary temple. The Ramesseum (on the West Bank near Luxor). Setauket restored order to the country. Ramses III was one of the greatest kings. Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings plundered. The kings weakened, and Egypt was no longer a world power. SUMIT I demand quiet! You do not understand that this is mourning for Pharaoh Putankhaneeze! I knew him ever since he was a little boy, and he died so young. (Sniff) He was aka The Boy King. He was the 12th king Only 8 or 9 years old when he was married. Everything went so fast. (Pouring with tears or a few tears, anything works as long as with tears). Became married to Ankhesenamon, a girl whose parents were also royal gods. His father died mysteriously. Put built a temple, but it was taken over and supported by his successors. Died at the age of 19 by a "head injury” unknown of actual death incident. Soon, people buried him in The Valley of Kings.  = Taylor: I see, can you explain what is on the sarcophogus = = Sumit- I was getting to that... So the scarab is on here for rebirth and resurection. the ankh is on here because it represents the conection between earthly and celestial gods. the cobra represents royalty, he was a pharoh after all. This is aten, this god is on here because King Put’s distant relative, King Tutankhamen literally means “Living image of Aten,” so he wanted a picture of Aten on his sarcophagus. King Putankameeze also felt sad for King Tut because he was a good pharaoh but he was abruptly taken away by a mysterious death, just like himself although he did not know it at the time. Because of this he wanted to put a god he thought there should be called Abrut. = = Abrut is pictured as an eagle forced to walk because his wing is wounded. This is symbolic of King Tut who was abruptly taken down during his reign. King Putankameeze wanted everyone he loved dearly to know all about his sarcophagus and his life at his funeral. I hope this served him well. Everyone please pay your respects and go, mourners come see me. = ** = In ancient Egypt, there were three kingdoms. One of them was the New Kingdom, a kingdom with many events that were crucial to Egypt and its people. It’s political, economic, and social structures led it to be a period with many good as well as bad times. = = = = One major thing that influenced the New Kingdom was its political structure. In Egypt at this time, there were many pharaoh otherwise known as the ruler, the priest, the king. King Tutankhamen was also known as the Boy King. In = the 18th dynasty, he was the 12th king. This wasn’t the best idea for  King Tutankhamen to be the pharaoh because he was only 8 or 9 years old. His father died mysteriously, so that didn’t help him either. The pharaoh became married to Ankhesenamon, a girl whose parents were also royal gods. He took many efforts to stabilize government, restore temples, so many people could honor old gods worshipped in the Amarna Period as well as new gods. King Tut was very kind because he paid temple staff and priests “on the spot” with what he hade during the moment. He would see whatever he had in his pockets and give it to the palace workers. He made an attempt to build a temple, but it was taken over and supported by his succesors. They didn’t do so well maintaining it and it diterearated. He sadly died at the age of 19 by a "head injury.” This is what is said to be an unknown injury of an actual death incident. Soon, people buried him in The Valley of Kings. This was like a tomb. Here, it is believed that there are two mummified coffins that are his prematurely born children. The Pharaohs at this time were not as important like in the Old Kingdom. For Example, They were buried in tombs from cliffs. When there was a pharaoh, he had a right-hand assistant, also known as a Vizier. A vizier made sure that the land of Egypt was running smoothly. They are like the modern-day president. There were also Monarchs, who were tax collectors. This soon gave the government more power, which led the pharaoh with less power. People started to bury the pharaohs from tomb in cliffs. After many battles, Egypt became more materialist and imperialistic, which means that they were conquering more places and weapons with more modern and useful weapons. One ruler in the New Kingdom was Amenhotep IV. This ruler changed the religion. He desired for there to be one god that everyone must worship who was the ultimate god. This god was Aton. No one really liked this ruler, so they didn't honor this god. The only people that did were his close priests, friends and family. Later, he changed his name to Ankhenaten, which means, "The Spirit of Aton." This king was hated among all in Egypt. He found the need to only have one priest because there was only one god.
 * EULOGY-BY __//SUMIT//__

Social Structure By Abby There is a social pyramid that describes their social structure; ﺤ **First at the very top of the pyramid are pharaohs; they are believed to be gods in human form. ** ﺤ **Next were government officials. They were nobles and priests. They made sure that everything was running smoothly in Egypt. ** ﺤ **Right after that are soldiers. They fought for their country and won the battles. ** Taylor (Economy): from: http://www.eyelid.co.uk/hiero1.htm
 * Alphabet 1

__some sites i used include:__ http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/economy/index.html http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/architecture.html http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/New-Kingdom-of-Egypt http://www.nekhebet.com/h_2000bc.html
 * Hetchepsut expanded trade
 * traded ivory/leopard skin as an example
 * Hetchepsut brought great riches with trading expeditions like to Punt
 * egypt began a period of prosperity in the 18th dynasty
 * In the new kingdom Egypt did a lot of trade with western asia
 * The cheapest and fastest way of transporting merchandise was by ship
 * the harsh winds decided when departure and return journeys took place.
 * The New Kingdom is also known as "Egypt's Golden Age" because of the prosperity in trade
 * Was the center of international trade
 * The % of produce and manufactured goods which reached markets was probably small. It was of greatl importance to the survival of the lone producer but provided part of the economic base for the developing Egyptian high culture.
 * officials as state employees and not as private landowners or managers of state farms most likely didnt tell farmers what to grow. They also based on past assignments, assessed the expected crops, __collected part of the produce as taxes__, stored and redistributed it
 * agriculture was a big part of egypts wealth including Grain, vegetables, fruit, cattle, goats, pigs and fowl were grown, and fish from the Nile were caught

**Political Structure: By Sumit ~The Pharaoh- otherwise known as the ruler, the priest, the king ~King Tutankhamen; also known as the Boy King - 18th dynasty- He was the 12th king - only 8 or 9 years old - Father died mysteriously - Became married to Ankhesenamon, a girl whose parents were also royal gods.** **- King Tut was very kind because he paid temple staff and priests on the spot with what he hade during the moment. - Built a temple, but it was taken over and supported by his succesors. - Died at the age of 19 by a "head injury"unknown of actual death incident. Soon, people buried him in The Valley of Kings.Here, it is believed that there are two mummified coffins that are his prematurely born children. - The Pharaohs at this time were not as important like in the Old Kingdom. For Example, They were buried in tombs from cliffs. ~Monarch- Tax collectors; after time they noticed their power and became greedy with power. ~Vizier- Pharaoh's right-hand assistant- made sure that everything in Egypt went well and smoothly. They are like the modern day vice-president** ** ~ After many battles, Egypt became more materialist and imperialistic, which means that they were conquering more places and weapons by there modern and useful weapons and battle plans to fight the enemy. ~Amenhotep IV- This ruler changed the religion. He desired for there to be one god that everyone must worship who was the ultimate god. This god was Aton. No one really liked this ruler, so they didn't honor this god. The only people that did were his close priests, friends and family. Later, he changed his name to Ankhenaten, which means, "The Spirit of Aton." This king was hated among all in Egypt. He found the need to only have one priest because there was only one god. **
 * - He took many efforts to stabilize government, restore temples so many people sould honor old gods worshipped in the Amarna Period**

(1539-1295)** || **Ahmose finally beat the Hyksos and sent them out of Egypt. This dynasty had a number of strong rulers.** (1295-1186)** || **Seti I restored many monuments. His temple at Abydos has some of the most superior carved wall relief. Many battles and treaties were written between Egypt and Asiatic powers.** || (1186-1069)** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Setakht restored order to the country. Ramesses III was one of the greatest kings.** || (1070-945)** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**The kings weakened, and Egypt was no longer a world power. Civil war and foreign invaders tore Egypt apart. The capital moved from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to Sais, and then back to Nubia and Thebes.** || (2) Scarab-rebirth and resurection (3) Cobra-royalty Sarcophogus- Taylor was traced by Abby
 * Time Period of New Kingdom:**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**__18th Dynasty__
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Thutmose I conquered parts of the Near East and Africa.**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Hatshepsut and Thutmose made Egypt a super power.**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Amenhotep II began an artistic revolution.**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Akhenaton and Nefertiti began a new religion with one god.**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Tutankhamen reigned.** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1532 - 1528 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Asiatic kings conquer capital of Hyksos** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1504 - 1492 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Thutmose I begins military campaigns** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1380 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Building of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1367 - 1350 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Rule of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) - changed from a polytheism to a monotheistic society** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1336 - 1327 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Reign of Tutankhamon** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**__19th Dynasty__
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1279 - 1213 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Ramses II begins building projects - including his mortuary temple The Ramesseum (on the West Bank near Luxor)** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**__20th Dynasty__
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1186 - 1089 BC** || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings plundered** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**__21st Dynasty__
 * 3 symbols: (1) ankh (Notice how King Tutankhamen and Ankhenaten both have the word, "ankh," in them).-connection for earth and celestial gods

Website used for this information: <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/Lectures/Hum1/030910/030910hum.htm <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/consortium/ancientegyptiangodsaten.html <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Website used for Time Line(Period): http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/timeline.htm**